Uneasy Money: Illia Polosukhin on Why Onchain Commerce Needs Confidentiality
Uneasy Money: Illia Polosukhin on Why Onchain Commerce Needs Confidentiality
2 hours agoUnchainedLaura Shin
Podcast1 hr 22 min
Listen to Episode
Note: AI-generated summary based on third-party content. Not financial advice. Read more.
Quick Insights

Investors should prioritize NEAR Protocol (NEAR) as a top-tier play in the AI-blockchain sector, leveraging its co-founder’s deep expertise in LLM architecture to lead the emerging "AI Agent" economy. NEAR is a high-conviction choice for enterprise adoption due to its new Confidential Intents layer, which allows businesses to handle sensitive data like payroll and supply chains privately on-chain. To mitigate security risks, look for protocols like NEAR that utilize real-time AI monitoring systems like Shield to proactively detect exploits and satisfy regulatory anti-money laundering requirements. While Ethereum (ETH) remains a technical powerhouse, it faces stiff competition from more organized ecosystems like Solana (SOL) and NEAR that offer better developer incentives and faster coordination. For those holding Zcash (ZEC), watch for NEAR’s cross-chain integration to provide a much-needed liquidity boost by allowing the asset to be traded more easily across high-speed networks like Solana.

Detailed Analysis

Near Protocol (NEAR)

Near Protocol is positioning itself as a "chain of chains" that can control accounts and assets on other blockchains, including non-smart contract chains like Bitcoin (BTC) and Dogecoin (DOGE). • The project recently launched Confidential Intents, a privacy layer designed to allow businesses to conduct commerce on-chain without exposing sensitive data like revenue, supplier payments, or salaries. • NEAR is heavily integrating AI, with co-founder Ilya Polosukhin (a co-author of the seminal "Attention is All You Need" paper) leading the "Near AI" initiative. • The protocol uses an AI system called Shield to scan transactions in real-time across multiple chains to detect illicit activity and prevent money laundering.

Takeaways

Enterprise Readiness: The focus on confidentiality is a major "unlock" for mainstream business adoption. Investors should watch for partnerships involving on-chain payroll or B2B commerce. • AI-Blockchain Synergy: NEAR is one of the few protocols with a founder who has deep roots in modern LLM architecture. This gives NEAR a unique competitive advantage in the "AI Agent" economy. • Risk Mitigation: By taking a proactive stance against money laundering through AI detection, NEAR aims to avoid the regulatory scrutiny that has plagued other privacy-focused assets.


Zcash (ZEC)

Zcash was highlighted as a "sovereign asset" with strong privacy, but the discussion noted significant user experience hurdles. • The transcript mentions that Zcash is volatile and that its privacy features are often difficult to access due to exchange delistings and high block times. • NEAR has integrated Zcash into its intent-based infrastructure, allowing users to move and exchange it more easily across different chains.

Takeaways

Liquidity Challenges: While Zcash remains a gold standard for privacy, its utility is being hampered by "janky" wallet experiences and slow transaction speeds. • Interoperability Play: The ability to trade Zcash for assets on other chains (like Solana) via NEAR's infrastructure may provide a liquidity boost for ZEC holders.


Ethereum (ETH)

• The discussion touched on the Ethereum Foundation (EF) and Vitalik Buterin’s recent shift toward leaning into Ethereum as a "technological powerhouse." • There is a noted tension between Ethereum's "cypherpunk" values (decentralization, neutrality) and the practical needs of builders who require more active support and incentives. • Critics in the podcast argued that the EF's "neutrality" can sometimes lead to "disorganization" or a lack of clear mission compared to more structured ecosystems.

Takeaways

Narrative Shift: Ethereum is moving away from the "Ultrasound Money" narrative back toward being a "World Computer" focused on technical excellence. • Ecosystem Competition: Ethereum faces stiff competition from "organized" ecosystems like NEAR and Solana that provide more direct incentives and coordination for developers.


Solana (SOL)

Solana was described as being optimized for "immediate latency" and fast trading (e.g., meme coins). • The transcript mentions that NEAR can actually run complex logic for Solana applications, pushing only the final execution to the Solana chain to bypass its smart contract limitations.

Takeaways

Complementary Tech: Rather than a "Solana Killer," NEAR is positioning itself as a layer that can add intelligence and complex recovery systems to Solana's high-speed environment.


Investment Themes & Sectors

1. On-chain Confidentiality

Sentiment: Highly Bullish. • Context: Privacy is viewed not just as a "cypherpunk" ideal, but as a functional requirement for businesses. Without it, companies cannot move their operations (salaries, supply chains) on-chain.

2. AI Agents & The "Market" Economy

Sentiment: Bullish / Emerging. • Context: The future of work may involve "AI Agents" performing tasks (coding, insurance claims, background checks) coordinated via blockchain. • Insight: Look for protocols building "Marketplaces" for AI agents where credit assignment (who did what) is handled by smart contracts.

3. AI-Assisted Hacking & Security

Sentiment: High Risk / Bearish for legacy chains. • Context: The transcript details an AI-assisted attack on Litecoin (LTC) that exploited a vulnerability in its privacy pool. • Insight: AI is making it easier for "bad actors" to find zero-day vulnerabilities. Projects that do not have real-time AI monitoring (like NEAR's Shield) are at higher risk of catastrophic exploits.


Risk Factors Mentioned

Regulatory Pressure: Privacy features must be balanced with anti-money laundering (AML) efforts to remain viable in the current regulatory climate. • Organizational "Hellscapes": Protocols that only serve "criminals and money launderers" will fail to find long-term product-market fit because their users have different needs than the general public. • Vulnerability Disclosure: The Litecoin incident highlighted a "wild" two-month gap between a bug being found and it being disclosed to the broader ecosystem, creating a window for attackers.

Ask about this postAnswers are grounded in this post's content.
Episode Description
Illia Polosukhin, founder of NEAR and co-author of 'Attention Is All You Need,' on why confidentiality will let crypto become daily commerce — plus, some Near lore. ======================================================== Thank you to our sponsors! ⁠⁠Multichain Advisors⁠⁠: Get help navigating TGEs, go‑to‑market, BD and partnerships, capital markets advisory, PR, media placements, KOL activations and more at ⁠⁠multichainadv.com⁠⁠. ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Coinbase One⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠: Get 20% off the first year of your Coinbase One annual plan at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠coinbase.com/unchained⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠. ======================================================== Before co-founding NEAR Protocol, Illia Polosukhin was on the eight-person Google Brain team that wrote the transformer paper — the architecture behind every large language model running today. He never mentioned it. When Kain Warwick found out two weeks ago, via a crypto AI chatbot, his reaction was: you have to be kidding me. That backstory sets the tone for a conversation that moves from how transformers actually came together, to why confidentiality is what unlocks on-chain commerce for real businesses, and what NEAR is doing to keep criminals off its network without becoming a surveillance layer. The hosts also get into the Ethereum Foundation's identity crisis, why Illia thinks decentralization is a tool and not a goal, and what the economy looks like when AI handles execution and blockchain handles coordination. Host: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Kain Warwick⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠, Founder of Infinex and Synthetix ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Taylor Monahan⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠, Security Expert ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Luca Netz⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠, CEO of Pudgy Penguins Guest: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Illia Polosukhin — Co-Founder, NEAR Protocol - https://x.com/ilblackdragon Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
About Unchained
Unchained

Unchained

By Laura Shin

Crypto assets and blockchain technology are about to transform every trust-based interaction of our lives, from financial services to identity to the Internet of Things. In this podcast, host Laura Shin, an independent journalist covering all things crypto, talks with industry pioneers about how crypto assets and blockchains will change the way we earn, spend and invest our money. Tune in to find out how Web 3.0, the decentralized web, will revolutionize our world. Disclosure: I'm a nocoiner.