How the x402 Standard Is Enabling AI Agents to Pay Each Other - Ep. 948
How the x402 Standard Is Enabling AI Agents to Pay Each Other - Ep. 948
175 days agoUnchainedLaura Shin
Podcast1 hr 6 min
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Note: AI-generated summary based on third-party content. Not financial advice. Read more.
Quick Insights

A major governance proposal for Uniswap (UNI) aims to activate a "fee switch" and burn nearly $800 million in tokens, which could serve as a significant bullish catalyst for the asset. Consider Coinbase (COIN) as a key infrastructure play on the emerging "agentic commerce" theme, as it is co-founding the x402 standard for AI-to-AI micropayments. The involvement of internet infrastructure giant Cloudflare (NET) in the x402 standard validates this new payment model and could create a new revenue stream for the company. A new draft bill in the U.S. Senate proposes classifying Bitcoin (BTC) and Ether (ETH) as digital commodities, providing a positive signal for regulatory clarity. The growth of AI agent payments could significantly increase demand for stablecoins, potentially benefiting the ecosystems where they are most prevalent, such as Solana and Base.

Detailed Analysis

Investment Theme: AI Agentic Commerce & Micropayments

  • The podcast introduces x402, an open standard for internet-native payments designed to allow AI agents to pay each other for data and services. This concept is referred to as "agentic commerce."
  • The core idea is that AI agents will perform many small transactions (e.g., paying 10 cents for a weather forecast or 50 cents for a news article) to complete tasks for users.
  • This is enabled by the efficiency of stablecoins and modern blockchains, which can handle microtransactions (e.g., a tenth of a cent) that are not feasible on traditional payment rails like credit cards, where fees can be 30 cents or more.
  • The standard is designed to be open, multi-chain, and neutral, with early support from the Solana Foundation and others.

Takeaways

  • New Revenue Models: This theme could unlock new revenue streams for digital businesses. News websites, data providers, and API services could monetize their content on a per-use basis by charging AI agents directly, moving away from struggling ad-based or subscription models.
  • First Mover Advantage: Companies and developers who adopt this standard early could gain a significant advantage in the emerging AI-driven economy. The discussion highlights that integrating x402 can take less than an hour for a developer.
  • Watch for Adoption: The success of this theme depends on widespread adoption by both service providers (merchants) and AI platforms. Key partnerships, like the one with Cloudflare, are important indicators of traction.

Stablecoins (USDC)

  • Stablecoins, particularly USDC, are presented as the fundamental technology making agentic commerce possible. They are described as the "best way to move money that exists on the planet right now" for small, frequent payments.
  • Unlike credit cards, stablecoin transactions do not have chargebacks, which simplifies the payment process for merchants and developers. The transaction is final, similar to a cash payment.
  • The x402 standard makes accepting stablecoins easier for businesses, as it creates a single, standardized way to integrate payments across different blockchains.

Takeaways

  • Increased Utility and Demand: The growth of AI agent commerce could be a massive driver for stablecoin adoption and circulation. As more AI agents begin transacting, the demand for a stable, digital, and efficient medium of exchange like USDC will likely increase significantly.
  • Ecosystem Growth: The infrastructure being built around stablecoin payments (like x402) makes them more useful and accessible. This could lead to growth in the ecosystems where these stablecoins are most prevalent, such as Base and Solana.
  • Circle's Performance: The news recap highlighted that Circle, the issuer of USDC, is highly profitable, with $740 million in Q3 revenue. This underscores the financial strength of the stablecoin business model.

Coinbase (COIN)

  • Coinbase is heavily involved in developing and promoting the x402 standard through its Coinbase Developer Platform.
  • The company is a founding member of the X402 Foundation, an independent body that will govern the standard, alongside Cloudflare. This signals a commitment to making x402 an open and neutral industry protocol, not a proprietary Coinbase product.
  • The news recap also mentioned Coinbase's new public token sales platform for U.S. retail investors, indicating an expansion of its service offerings.
  • The transcript noted that a proposed $2 billion acquisition of stablecoin firm BVNK was mutually called off.

Takeaways

  • Strategic Positioning: Coinbase is positioning itself as a core infrastructure provider for the future of on-chain payments and the AI economy. Success in this area could become a major long-term growth driver for the company, moving beyond simple trading fees.
  • Ecosystem Play: By fostering the growth of its Layer 2 network, Base, and driving standards like x402, Coinbase is building a deep ecosystem that could lock in developers and users, creating a powerful network effect.
  • Focus on Infrastructure: Coinbase's efforts are not just about consumer-facing products but also about building the fundamental "rails" for the next generation of the internet. This is a long-term, strategic bet on the convergence of crypto and AI.

Cloudflare (NET)

  • Cloudflare, a major internet infrastructure and security company, is a founding member of the X402 Foundation with Coinbase.
  • The company plans to use x402 to enable its customers to accept "pay per crawl" payments. This means websites hosted on Cloudflare could charge AI agents for accessing and indexing their content.

Takeaways

  • Validation of the Standard: The involvement of a major Web2 company like Cloudflare lends significant credibility to the x402 standard and the broader vision of agentic commerce.
  • New Revenue Stream Potential: This integration could create a new, direct monetization path for the vast number of websites that use Cloudflare's services, helping them get paid for the value their data provides to AI models.
  • Bridge Between Web2 and Web3: Cloudflare's participation is a strong example of established tech companies embracing blockchain-based solutions to solve emerging problems, particularly around AI monetization.

Uniswap (UNI)

  • The news recap highlighted a major governance proposal for Uniswap, the leading decentralized exchange.
  • The proposal aims to activate the "fee switch," which would direct a portion of the protocol's trading fees to UNI token holders.
  • A key part of the proposal is a plan to retroactively burn nearly 100 million UNI tokens, worth approximately $800 million. Burning tokens removes them from circulation permanently, which can have a positive effect on the price of the remaining tokens.

Takeaways

  • Bullish Tokenomics: Activating the fee switch and implementing a large token burn are significant, potentially bullish catalysts for the UNI token. These actions directly link the token's value to the protocol's success and revenue generation.
  • "Real Yield": If the proposal passes, UNI could become a "productive asset" that earns a share of the platform's fees, which is a highly sought-after characteristic for investors in the DeFi space.
  • Governance is Key: This is a powerful reminder that in decentralized protocols, token holders have a say in major economic decisions. Investors in UNI should monitor the outcome of this governance vote closely.

Bitcoin (BTC) & Ether (ETH)

  • A draft bill from the Senate Agriculture Committee was released, which classifies Bitcoin and Ether as "digital commodities."
  • This classification would place them primarily under the oversight of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) rather than the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

Takeaways

  • Positive Regulatory Signal: Classification as a commodity is generally seen as a positive outcome for BTC and ETH. It provides a clearer regulatory framework and reduces the risk of being deemed a security, which would come with much stricter regulations.
  • Path to Clarity: While this is still a draft bill and has a long way to go, it marks a significant step toward establishing a clear regulatory structure for the largest crypto assets in the U.S., which could reduce uncertainty for investors.
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Episode Description
Thank you to our sponsors! Uniswap  Mantle For decades, the internet has worked without a native way to pay for things. Credit cards were bolted on, platforms built their own integrations, and developers had to stitch together complex payment flows to charge even a few cents for anything. But with AI agents now making requests, triggering actions, and needing to pay for data or services instantly, that old patchwork is starting to break. In this episode, Laura Shin speaks with Erik Reppel, Head of Engineering for Coinbase’s Developer Platform, and Sam Ragsdale, founder of Merit Systems, about x402, a new open standard for internet-native payments designed for the AI era. They discuss why AI has revived a decades-old idea, how x402 works under the hood, why devs say the experience is simpler than traditional payments, and how stablecoins make microtransactions economically viable. They also dive into the big debates: no chargebacks, chain-agnostic design, the shift to a foundation, and how this standard could eventually work with fiat as well. Guests: Sam Ragsdale, Founder and CEO of Merit Systems Erik Reppel, Head of Engineering at Coinbase Developer Platform Links: X402 x402scan ERC-8004: Trustless Agents Payments MCP: Bringing Wallets, Onramps, and Payments to Every Agent Google Agentic Payments Protocol + x402: Agents Can Now Actually Pay Each Other Timestamps: 🎙️ 0:00 Introduction 🌐 1:53 What x402 is—and the problem it finally solves for the internet 💳 7:06 How today’s payment rails work vs. how x402 reimagines them 🛠️ 9:06 Why Sam says the developer experience is “fundamentally better” 🔗 10:54 How x402 stays chain-agnostic 🧪 15:25 How Sam got into x402 and what x402scan enables 🚀 19:22 Some of the most interesting early use cases 🪄 23:05 How x402 works on the backend and why users shouldn’t see any of it 🏛️ 26:21 Why x402 is becoming a Foundation + the Cloudflare partnership 🔮 28:10 What the future of payments could look like in an AI-native world 💱 33:05 How x402 could also work with fiat, not just stablecoins 🆓 34:31 How the team is able to charge zero transaction fees ❓ 37:48 Whether x402 can fix the chargeback problem 🔌 42:57 Integrations: Payments MCP and Google A2A 🐶 45:28 How x402 is being used to buy memecoins, and other early apps Sam & Erik love 🤝 50:37 The challenge of reputation and trustless AI agents Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
About Unchained
Unchained

Unchained

By Laura Shin

Crypto assets and blockchain technology are about to transform every trust-based interaction of our lives, from financial services to identity to the Internet of Things. In this podcast, host Laura Shin, an independent journalist covering all things crypto, talks with industry pioneers about how crypto assets and blockchains will change the way we earn, spend and invest our money. Tune in to find out how Web 3.0, the decentralized web, will revolutionize our world. Disclosure: I'm a nocoiner.